Fence laws in Highland, California
What the Highland municipal code says about fences, one topic at a time, with the section number and a link to the document behind every line. Where Highland sets no rule of its own, the California rule is shown in its place and marked as such.
Fence laws in Highland, California, question by question
The short version
- Who pays on the line
- Two neighbors split the cost of a fence on the line in California.
- How tall
- Highland sets no maximum fence height. The chapters that were read are listed below. Cities and counties decide this one.
- Permits
- California does not write its own building code from scratch.
- Pool barriers
- A Highland fence that forms part of an existing swimming pool barrier gets no permit exemption, whatever it is made of and however short it is. It reaches fences forming part of an existing swimming pool barrier only.
- Spite fences
- A fence over ten feet tall in California is a private nuisance when it was put up or kept there to annoy the neighbor and the extra height serves no purpose. The figure is 10 feet, for spite fence threshold, with malice required.
- Measured from what
- Highland leaves the measuring rule to the legislative body of each county and city, through its zoning ordinance.
- Corner lots
- California writes no clear view triangle into state law. It reaches the right of way of a state highway, whether or not the whole width is paved only.
- Retaining walls
- Highland exempts a retaining wall up to four feet from the bottom of the footing, unless it supports a surcharge, holds a backfill sloped steeper than two to one, or impounds flammable liquids, and the answer turns on the height, the slope of the backfill, and whether the wall carries a surcharge. The figure is 4 feet, for retaining wall height from the bottom of the footing.
- Materials
- Highland splits its permit exemption by material and the gap is three feet, and the answer turns on the material the fence is built from. The figure is 3 feet, for masonry fence height exempt from a permit.
- Livestock
- California calls a fence lawful when it is strong enough to keep livestock from getting in or out. The figure is 4 feet, for height of the top wire on a lawful wire fence.
Who owns the fence between two properties in Highland?
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California answers this in its own law. The words that do it are quoted below.
Two neighbors split the cost of a fence on the line in California. The law starts from the idea that both get the same benefit from it, so both owe the same share of building it, keeping it up and replacing it. A neighbor about to spend that money gives the other one thirty days written notice first. Either neighbor can show the even split is wrong, and a court can then order less than half or nothing at all.
This one is California law, not Highland law. All California findings
Adjoining landowners are presumed to share an equal benefit from any fence dividing their properties and, unless otherwise agreed to by the parties in a written agreement, shall be presumed to be equally responsible for the reasonable costs of construction, maintenance, or necessary replacement of the fence.
Also on fences on the property line in Highland
- set in state lawThe notice has to say six things: that the law starts from an even split, what is wrong with the fence now, what is planned instead, what it is expected to cost, how the cost gets shared, and when the work happens. Civ. Code 841(b)(1)California · Statute
How tall can a fence be in Highland?
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Highland law has no rule about this. The chapters that were read are listed below. Cities and counties decide it instead.
California sets no limit on how tall a fence at a house can be. Cities and counties write that in their zoning codes and the answer changes a lot from one town to the next. The one height in state law is the ten feet in the spite fence rule, and that only matters when the fence was put up to annoy a neighbor. It is not a building limit.
This one is California law, not Highland law. All California findings
Documents read before writing that:
- Civ. Code 841California Legislature
- Civ. Code 841.4California Legislature
Do I need a permit for a fence in Highland?
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California answers this in its own law. The words that do it are quoted below.
California does not write its own building code from scratch. Section 17922 adopts Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations and requires it to ask for much the same things as the International Building Code and the International Residential Code, with state additions and cuts. So the permit rule for a fence starts out as outside code text that California then edits.
This one is California law, not Highland law. All California findings
The building standards and rules and regulations shall impose substantially the same requirements as are contained in the most recent editions of the following international or uniform industry codes as adopted by the organizations specified:
Also on permits in Highland
- set in state lawA California city or county can make the statewide building code stricter, but not quietly. Section 17958.7 makes the city council say in writing why each change is needed because of local weather, ground or land shape. That finding goes to the California Building Standards Commission, and the change does nothing until it is filed. The finding is a public record, which is why a local permit line can sit well below the statewide one. Health & Saf. Code 17958.7California · Statute
Pool fence requirements in Highland
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Highland answers this in its own law. The words that do it are quoted below.
A Highland fence that forms part of an existing swimming pool barrier gets no permit exemption, whatever it is made of and however short it is. The condition is attached to the wood, vinyl and chain link exemption directly. On a lot with a pool that means the boundary fence and the pool fence are answered differently: the same six foot wood fence is exempt on one side of the yard and a permit on the side that keeps a child away from water.
Masonry or concrete fences, NOT over 3 feet (1829 millimeters) high measured from the lowest adjacent finish grade. Wood, vinyl, or chain-link fences NOT over 6 feet (1,829 millimeters) high measured from the lowest adjacent finish grade, and are not part of an existing swimming pool barrier fence.
Also on pool barriers in Highland
- set in state lawA pool fence in California stands at least sixty inches high. No more than two inches may be left between the ground and the bottom of it, and no gap in it may pass a four inch ball. The outside face has no handholds or footholds a child under five could climb. Gates open away from the pool and close and latch by themselves, with the latch set no lower than sixty inches above the ground. Health & Saf. Code 115923California · Statute
Spite fence laws in Highland
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California answers this in its own law. The words that do it are quoted below.
A fence over ten feet tall in California is a private nuisance when it was put up or kept there to annoy the neighbor and the extra height serves no purpose. Height on its own is not enough. The case turns on proving why the fence is there. The rule covers anything built like a fence, not only a fence.
This one is California law, not Highland law. All California findings
Any fence or other structure in the nature of a fence unnecessarily exceeding 10 feet in height maliciously erected or maintained for the purpose of annoying the owner or occupant of adjoining property is a private nuisance.
10 ftspite fence threshold, with malice required
How fence height is measured in Highland
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Highland does not set this. It leaves it to the legislative body of each county and city, through its zoning ordinance.
California gives a fence height and never says what it is measured from. Civil Code section 841.4 makes a fence over ten feet a private nuisance when it is kept up to annoy a neighbor. It does not say whether the ten feet starts at bare dirt, at the finished yard, or at the high side of a slope. Government Code section 65850 is why the state stops there: it lets any county or city set the place, height and size of structures. So the number and the surface it starts from are both written into local zoning.
This one is California law, not Highland law. All California findings
Regulate all of the following: (1) The location, height, bulk, number of stories, and size of buildings and structures.
The code hands this to the legislative body of each county and city, through its zoning ordinance, which is not published in the code itself.
Fence rules for corner lots in Highland
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California answers this in its own law. The words that do it are quoted below.
California writes no clear view triangle into state law. The Streets and Highways Code counts a fence as an encroachment once it stands in, under or over any part of a state highway right of way. Section 670 then makes putting one there without a written permit from the department a misdemeanor. That covers the public strip, not the corner of a private yard. Government Code section 65850 gives every city and county the power to set the height and place of structures, and that is where a corner triangle gets written in California.
This one is California law, not Highland law. All California findings
“Encroachment” includes any tower, pole, pole line, pipe, pipe line, fence, billboard, stand or building, or any structure, object of any kind or character not particularly mentioned in this section, or special event, which is in, under, or over any portion of the highway.
Retaining wall rules in Highland
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Highland answers this, but the answer changes depending on the height, the slope of the backfill, and whether the wall carries a surcharge.
Highland exempts a retaining wall up to four feet from the bottom of the footing, unless it supports a surcharge, holds a backfill sloped steeper than two to one, or impounds flammable liquids. The exemption from the permit is not an exemption from the construction: every residential retaining wall in the city has to carry horizontal reinforcement in the footing and vertical reinforcement tying the footing to the wall, under city policy 355, unless specifically exempted.
All residential retaining walls must incorporate horizontal reinforcement in the footing and vertical reinforcement that provides a connection between the footing and supporting wall elements in accordance with The City of Highland's policy 355 Non-Reinforced Retaining Walls unless specifically exempted.
City of Highland Policy 355, Non-Reinforced Retaining Walls
The answer turns on the height, the slope of the backfill, and whether the wall carries a surcharge.
- under four feet from the bottom of the footing, level backfill, no surcharge
- No building permit, but the reinforcement is still required. 4 ft
- holding a backfill sloped steeper than two to one, or a surcharge
- A permit is required.
Also on retaining walls in Highland
- left to the townCalifornia has no rule of its own in statute for a wall that holds back earth. The rule is in Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations, which section 17922 adopts by reference and requires to match the newest editions of a named list of outside codes, the International Building Code and the International Residential Code among them. The same section leaves setbacks, side yards, rear yards and property line rules entirely to cities and counties. Health & Saf. Code 17922(a)California · Statute
Fence materials allowed in Highland
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Highland answers this, but the answer changes depending on the material the fence is built from.
Highland splits its permit exemption by material and the gap is three feet. Masonry or concrete is exempt only to three feet. Wood, vinyl and chain link are exempt to six. Both are measured from the lowest adjacent finish grade, so the downhill side governs. The city adds that its Zoning Code height limits still apply on top of the exemption, and names the Planning counter as where those limits come from.
Masonry or concrete fences, NOT over 3 feet (1829 millimeters) high measured from the lowest adjacent finish grade. Wood, vinyl, or chain-link fences NOT over 6 feet (1,829 millimeters) high measured from the lowest adjacent finish grade, and are not part of an existing swimming pool barrier fence.
The answer turns on the material the fence is built from.
- masonry or concrete
- Exempt only up to three feet. 3 ft
- wood, vinyl or chain link
- Exempt up to six feet. 6 ft
Also on materials in Highland
- set in state lawCalifornia sets a wire standard for a lawful fence in grazing counties. A wire fence takes three tight barbed wires on solid posts set no more than a rod apart, with one wire at least four feet up. Any fence as strong and as tall as that one counts too. Cal. Food & Agric. Code 17121California · Statute
Livestock and boundary fence law in Highland
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California answers this in its own law. The words that do it are quoted below.
California calls a fence lawful when it is strong enough to keep livestock from getting in or out. A wire fence gets real numbers: three tight barbed wires on posts set no more than one rod apart, with one of those wires at least four feet off the ground. Any other fence as tall, as strong and as good at holding animals counts too, and so does a cattle guard wide and deep enough to turn them.
This one is California law, not Highland law. All California findings
No wire fence is a good and substantial fence within the meaning of this article unless it has three tightly stretched barbed wires securely fastened to posts of reasonable strength, firmly set in the ground not more than one rod apart, one of which wires shall be at least four feet above the surface of the ground.
4 ftheight of the top wire on a lawful wire fence
Also on agricultural fencing in Highland
- depends, see the pageCalifornia answers this one county by county. Section 17123 names Siskiyou, Lassen and Modoc, plus parts of Trinity and Shasta, as land used mainly for grazing. Section 17124 lets the board of supervisors of any county put the same label on the county or part of it. Where the label applies, the land has to be fully fenced before the person on it may take in a stray animal or hold it for payment. Cal. Food & Agric. Code 17122California · Statute
Documents behind this page
10 documents, of which 1 was published by Highland itself. Each was read on the date shown.
- California LegislatureCalifornia Civil Code Section 841, Good Neighbor Fence Act of 2013
- California LegislatureCalifornia Civil Code Section 841.4, spite fences
- California LegislatureCalifornia Health and Safety Code Section 17922, adoption of building standards
- California LegislatureCalifornia Health and Safety Code Section 17958.7, local modification of building standards
- California LegislatureCalifornia Health and Safety Code Section 115923, enclosure requirements
- City of Highland, Community Development Department, Building DivisionPermit Exceptions
- California LegislatureCalifornia Government Code, Title 7, Division 1, Chapter 4, Article 2, Section 65850
- California LegislatureCalifornia Streets and Highways Code, Division 1, Chapter 3, Section 660
- California LegislatureCalifornia Food and Agricultural Code, Division 9, Part 2, Chapter 3, Article 5
- California LegislatureCalifornia Food and Agricultural Code, Division 9, Part 2, Chapter 3, Article 5
What this page does not cover
A city ordinance is not the only rule that reaches a fence. The zoning district a parcel sits in can change the height allowed on it, and so can an overlay district, a recorded easement, a fire hazard severity zone or a coastal zone. A homeowner association can be stricter than the city and nothing in the municipal code will say so. None of those appear here.
The rules above are the ones Highland publishes, plus the California rules that apply where the city sets none. Fence laws in California has the state layer in full.
This is general information drawn from published government documents. It is not legal advice, ordinances are amended, and the date beside each finding is the date the document was read. How findings are made · What the terms mean